Friday, May 15, 2020
Social Engineering Free Essay Example, 1000 words
For instance, an individual using his or her social engineering skills to in access to a computer system may attempt to acquire the trust of an authorized user and persuade them to unveil data that endangers the systemââ¬â¢s security (Mann, 2012). This is the reason social engineers frequently depend on the natural cooperation of unknowing people while exploiting the weaknesses. Recently, social engineers have grown less fond of directly attacking computer systems and have become increasingly used to directly contacting or infiltrating individuals. For instance, a hacker can call an authorized worker impersonating a relative or friend in an effort to present a made up urgency that needs the hackersââ¬â¢ instant access to the userââ¬â¢s network (Long, 2011). This trend is more common among spammers than other kinds of network hackers. Evidently, these intruders appeal to vanity, authority, greed, and conventional eavesdropping. With more and more usage of emails in organizat ions and by individuals, the widespread of spamming social engineers is nearly inevitable. Social engineering affects individuals and organizations in different ways. First, luring situations make up the most common method individuals for victims to social engineers (Mouton et al. , 2013). We will write a custom essay sample on Social Engineering or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Social engineers know that when valuable offers or services are presented to vulnerable people, they often give in. This method of social engineering is more common in peer-to-peer website that that allow internet users to download new media or any other type of data free. However, this method is also common in social networking websites, perpetrated through malicious software and websites that users come across through search engines. The same technique can involve visiting websites with remarkably good offers presented as auction websites (Long, 2011). Even while using an organizationââ¬â¢s network, individuals will still think of a seller with a good rating in an auction website as a credible source and plan ahead of time after suppressing oneââ¬â¢s suspicion. Users whose computers fall victim to scrupulous programs again usually produce any amount of new feats against themselves and organizations or deals (Mann, 2012). In the process, the person loses money without getting the bought item. In some cases, unknowing individuals can choose to pay for the transaction using cheques or credit cards and ultimately find their bank accounts emptied. Nurturing distrust is another way for social engineers to cause disagreements within organizations or amongst targeted users (Hadnagy, 2010).
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Chapter Thirteen Of Experience Psychology - 982 Words
Chapter thirteen of Experience Psychology focuses on therapies. The four sections that are discussed in this chapter are: biological therapies, psychotherapy, sociocultural approaches and issues in treatment, and the effectiveness of psychotherapy. The treatments that eliminate or reduce symptoms of psychological disorders are biological therapies. These therapies alter the aspects of the body functioning. The three forms of biological therapy are drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery therapy. Drug therapy is the most common out of the three. Psychiatrists and family doctors are able to prescribe and/or administer drugs as a part of therapy because they are medical doctors. Since psychologist are not medical doctors, they are not allowed to administer drugs in most states. Anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia are the three diagnostic categories that use psychotherapeutic drugs. The three types of drugs are antianxiety drugs, antidepressant drugs, and antipsychotic drugs. Also known as tranquilizers, antianxiety drugs help to reduce anxiety. It makes the individual using the drug calmer and less excitable. The antianxiety drug that offers the most relief for anxiety symptoms are benzodiazepin es. These are highly addictive. Benzodiazepines attach themselves to the neurotransmitterââ¬â¢s receptors that are overactive during times of anxiety. The drugs that regulate mood are called antidepressant drugs. Tricyclics, monoamine oxidase inhibitorsShow MoreRelatedBehavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Paper1082 Words à |à 5 Pagespersonality emphasize the degree of our behavior is being controlled by unconscious forces or even prior experiences. It matters rather personality approaches ethic or personal worth. Relations with other people also define our humanness. In personality psychology to some positive and spiritual aspects of what it means as an individual which is similar to peak experiences. Maslowââ¬â¢s experiences determine common people that feel completely self-fulfilled and self-actualized tend to grow spirituallyRead MoreThe Role Of Cultural And Social Influences On Our Behavior1301 Words à |à 6 Pages Throughout the course of the first semester we as a Psychology class learned a whole variety of different and varying concepts of Psychology. Chapter one we went over all the different ways psychologists study behaviors and mental processes. Included were the contemporary perspectives, such as behavioral, which focuses on behavior that is observed. Psychodynamic focuses on our fantasies and our hidden motives. Humanistic is all about our free will and conscious choices. Physiological is the relationshipsRead MoreThe Methods That Are Taught On Hurting People Hurt People By Dr. Sandra Wilson1484 Words à |à 6 Pagesrelationships, that bring healing and restoration to families. In Wilsonââ¬â¢s book at the end of each chapter she includes a point that she calls, the ââ¬Å"Pause to Ponder and Pray.â⬠This causes the reader to reflect and can be used as a personal devotional type of material, as it has scripture references in the pondering phase. Development of Problems and Personal Need The book describes that in Chapter thirteen there are some direct steps that a person can do to develop change in their hearts. The key toRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye: Holden Caulfields Mental Breakdown1384 Words à |à 6 Pagesdevelopmental progress, but his or her maturation will halt for a time (Strickland 170). In the first chapter of Salinger s book, Holden s comments seem to support the idea that he uses this mechanism: I was sixteen then, and I m seventeen now, and sometimes I act like I m about thirteen (9). Firstly, one should note that Allie died when Holden was thirteen. By him saying I act like I m about thirteen, Holden corroborates the idea that he has not matured and lingers in the psychological state ofRead MoreWhy I Should Not Be Taught1619 Words à |à 7 Pages Going into Psychology I was not sure what would be involved. I thought that this class would be very hard and that I would not be able to do. Starting on the first day we learned that we would be the t eachers, we were involved in teaching the information to our fellow students. We were responsible for learning the material in our chapter, put together a presentation, and cover the entire chapter to the class. This helped me learn the material better than if a teacher was just lecturing the classRead MoreInteraction and Meaning of Types of Communication Theories1153 Words à |à 5 Pagesresonates in many different and unique ways. Throughout the year in this Contemporary Human Communication course, we have learned upwards of thirteen (13) theories that have taught us a lot about the interaction and meaning of all types of communication. These prominent words from the quote above were said by Kurt Lewin, one of the founders of modern social psychology. He provided new ideas for understanding problematic situations involving anything related to interpersonal communication. In his writingsRead MoreEssay about Case Analysis of Richard Ramirez1572 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe aspect of serial killers having a type of disease that makes it impossible for them not to commit these crimes. Cartel (1985) says that in addition to the lack or non-apparent compassion or guilt that the killers contain, they state that they experience a euphoric state during or after these murders. It is like an addiction that they cannot overcome, feeling the need to kill repeatedly to achieve this ââ¬Å"highâ⬠. Lunde (1980) states that sexual sadism, ââ¬Å" a deviation characterized by torture and/orRead More Turn of the screw Essay2734 Words à |à 11 Pageslives very academic and all four children were taught in very unusual ways to a normal family. They never stayed in a single school ,were sometimes taught by private tutors and always had access to books. They were constantly always open to new experiences also. On many occasions, famous artists, writers and thinkers visited the children giving them views and teaching. At the age of twelve Henry James and his family went on a three year long trip to Geneva, London and Paris, a trip that later in lifeRead MoreReluctant Witnesses : Children s Voices From The Civil War Essay1836 Words à |à 8 Pagesto sift through the reactions and experiences of the young men and women who were involved in the Civil War. Each chapter articulates a different portion of the battle and the events during the Civil War. Chapter two, five, six, eight, and nine capture the eye-witness accounts from young soldiers and young women who lived through the Battle of Shiloh, the Battle of Gettysburg, the siege of Vicksburg, the burning of Atlanta, and Shermanââ¬â¢s march to the sea. Chapter three, four, seven, and ten depictRead MoreHurt People Hurt People by Dr. Sandra Wilson Essay2462 Words à |à 10 Pageshas leaned on for over fifty years is John 16:33, ââ¬Å"I have told you these things, so that in me you may have peace. In this world you will have trouble. But take he art! I have overcome the world. From the time we are babies until we die we will experience hurt, trouble, tribulation. Many times deep wounds and deep hurts affect the personââ¬â¢s life in negative ways. Wilson points out by the title of her book hurt people hurt other people because they have experienced hurt. Hurting people have
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Cults Essay Research Paper Cults Each year free essay sample
Cults Essay, Research Paper Cults Each twelvemonth, 100s of North Americans join one of the increasing, estimated 3000 irregular faiths that exist across North America. The increasing figure of cults, to day of the month in North America, is due to the fact that cults are a societal motion that attempts to assist people get by with their perceived jobs with societal interaction. Cult recruiters target those who perceive themselves as different from the remainder of society, and give these persons the sense of belonging that they crave. Cult literature lures possible cult members by appealing to their despairing demand to socially suit in. Cults provide a controlled household environment that entreaties to possible cult members because it is a remotion from the exterior society. Cult recruiters prey on those who see themselves as alienated from the remainder of society, and give these people the sense of conformance that they desire. A common method of recruiters, to obtain new members, is through confab lines o n the cyberspace. We will write a custom essay sample on Cults Essay Research Paper Cults Each year or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A recorded conversation between a member of the Divine Light Mission, Fire-Shade, and an 18-year old male child, Jay 18, was obtained off of the site, IRC Teen Chat. Jay18: I am a truly great poet, but all of the childs in my category are reasonably warped about it. I fundamentally hide it from them because I don # 8217 ; t need that fuss. Fire-Shade: My household has a great regard for the creative person inside us all. I know you live in Michigan, and our household could ever utilize new secret agents all over the universe. You have to understand what our household is approximately, it is about ever suiting in and neer concealing the truth to be liked or cool. Are you interested? Jay18: Well possibly Fire-Shade: Give me your phone figure we truly shouldn # 8217 ; t speak about this here. Jay18: I would instead non give my phone figure out. You give me yours, I won # 8217 ; t be able to speak for long though. Fire-Shade: Trust is really of import in our group. Do you swear me? Y ou can # 8217 ; t name us, unluckily because we are non in a place to be accepting phone calls. Jay18: Well so you can merely email me. OK. Fire-Shade: [ gulfs ] 1 The cult member makes the immature male child feel as though he does care about his jobs, and wants to do this male child # 8217 ; s life better. Fire-Shade conveys his household as an entity non as many different persons. After experiencing entirely for many old ages the lone persuasion some persons need is the confidence that they will be portion of a society and accepted unconditionally. Cult members know what type of persons feel most anomic and entirely, says Dr. Lorna Goldberg, a New Jersey psychoanalyst. No 1 plans to fall in a cult unless they see that cult as a possibility for a household, or a better society. Cults mark people in passage # 8211 ; college pupils away from place for the first clip, people who have moved to new metropoliss for occupations, those who have merely been divorced or widowed. Usually persons 16 to 25 or 35 to 40. The huge bulk of members are simply looking for a sense of community and belonging, during a hard clip in their lives.2 Cults provide an substitute societal unit, which takes them in, raisings them and reinforces the cult # 8217 ; s worldview. By the clip that most cult members realize that this cult International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t what they had expected, it is excessively late, because they are already excessively afraid to go forth. Recruiters are non the lone manner that possible members are enticed into cults, frequently their literature is powerful plenty. Cult novels, booklets and web sites draw in possible cult members by appealing to their despairing demand to socially suit in. Often if a piece of cult literature is written right it convinces the most logical head of the most absurd logical thinking, like this booklet by the Heavens Gate cult. The by and large accepted # 8220 ; norms # 8221 ; of today # 8217 ; s soci eties # 8211 ; universe over # 8211 ; are designed, established, and maintained by the persons who were at one clip # 8220 ; pupils # 8221 ; of the Kingdom of Heaven- # 8220 ; angels # 8221 ; in the making- who flunked out # 8221 ; of the schoolroom. Legends and Bibles refer to them as fallen angels. The current civilisation # 8217 ; s records use the name Satan or Lucifer to depict a individual fallen angel and besides to # 8220 ; nickname # 8221 ; any # 8220 ; evil presence # 8221 ; . If you have experienced some of what our # 8220 ; schoolroom # 8221 ; requires of us, you would cognize that these # 8220 ; presences # 8221 ; are existent and that the Kingdom of God even permits them to # 8220 ; onslaught # 8221 ; us in order for us to larn their fast ones and how to remain above them or suppress them.3 This peculiar piece of celestial spheres gate literature can be found printed in non merely their booklets and novels, but besides on their web site. In this indiv idual transition this cult has enabled the anomic person to experience accepted and experience that they are non the lone individual who feels helpless, entirely and disliked by society. It non merely reassures the possible cult member that they are welcome someplace, but it makes them experience superior to the society that they feel has betrayed them their full life. Often, to to the full convert a possible recruit of their ideals, cult literature will diverge on continuously about how society # 8217 ; s thoughts and ethical motives are deranged and that the cults are sensible. In other words, they ( these infinite foreigners ) don # 8217 ; t want themselves # 8220 ; found out, # 8221 ; so they condemn any geographic expedition. They want you to be a perfect retainer to society ( THEIR society # 8212 ; of THEIR universe ) # 8212 ; to the # 8220 ; acceptable constitution, # 8221 ; to humanity, and to false spiritual constructs. Part of that # 8220 ; remain blinded # 8221 ; expression goes like this: # 8220 ; Above all, be married, a good parent, a sensible church departer, purchase a house, pay your mortgage, pay your insurance, have a good line of recognition, be socially committed, and gracefully accept decease with the hope that # 8216 ; through His caducous blood, # 8217 ; or some other every bit worthless spiritual principle, you will travel to Heaven after your death.4 It is at this point that, through their literature, unbeknown to the reader the cult begins to deprive off at everything the single believes in. The cult starts to show the person with the words that they want to hear, which are ; that they are normal, and that there is a topographic point where they are wanted. Although there are few distinguishable similarities shared between cults, the usage of communes is a unusually common trait. Cults provide a separate society that entreaties to possible cult members because it is a remotion from the exterior universe. Normally when in vitees visit for the first clip to a commune they witness shows of unconditioned fondness and kindness. In major metropoliss across throughout the universe, The Unified Family, sometimes called the Unification Church, has houses which are typically both communal life topographic points for immature, individual members, and meeting topographic points for a Sunday afternoon or weekday flushing meeting. A pleasant, lively circle of possibly 20 or 25 people, largely immature, will do the guest feel at place. He will be given a hymn book incorporating spiritual vocals in common people and popular manner. Person will play a guitar, and the circle will sing for some 30 minutes.5 This tranquil, peaceable scene, intentionally contrasts with that of the universe outside of the compound. In order for a cult member to be adequately convinced of a cults merits they must see how much more pleasant life will be inside the compound. Cults, like the Hare Krishna, remind members how helter-skelter the outside universe is, and maintain faultless order inside their compounds to keep pureness. The inside informations of life are closely regulated by the Spiritual Master. He insists that each fan take two showers daily, and take a cup of warm milk before retiring ; these imposts are conscientiously followed. Devotees live an idyllic rural, communal, devotional, and vegetarian life.6 In cults an persons day-to-day modus operandi is decided for them, their full life style is chosen for them, this entreaties to persons because they canââ¬â¢t make errors if they merely do as the leader instructs. In the society outside of the cult determinations must be invariably made, and societyââ¬â¢s outlooks are that those who can non win in their determination devising are failures. The complexness and ambiguity of life is something that cult members do non desire to digest. Different physicians have changing sentiments on why people join cults. Dr. J.Gordon Melton is trying to turn out that cult members have non chosen to fall in cults, they have an existent medical upset. Melton has found that cult members are emotionally vulnerable and enduring from important emotional hurt. ? the mean cult member has been in three or four other groups, a mark of what he calls the ââ¬Å"seeker syndrome, â⬠a religious pursuit among immature people free to experiment. These ââ¬Å"seekersâ⬠by and large move on every bit shortly as they become world-weary or disenchanted. Melton suggests cults serve as ââ¬Å"holding tanksâ⬠for immature people arising against overprotective parents.7 Other experts belie ve that certain categories, races, and ages are peculiarly susceptible to the temptingness of cults. A study performed at the Bethany Hills School found that when asked ââ¬ËWould you join a cult if it would offer you what you believed to be a better life? ââ¬â¢ , 7 out of 24 respondents said that they would. Of these 7 respondents, 5 were between the ages of 16 and 19?8 This age group has been established as susceptible to cults because of the force per unit area placed upon striplings by their equals. ââ¬Å"3 of the 7 respondents were members of a individual, employed, parent houshold.â⬠9 Stress on a individual income household can potentially be greater than that of a double income household because of the potency for a higher net household income, and perchance less fiscal troubles. This household emphasis could inherently do an person to seek for a more stable place environment, and happen safety in a cult. These are the lesser known, and non as recognized theories o n why people join cults. The thought that any specific social-class is more susceptible to cult rank is false. As history has shown cult membersââ¬â¢ societal category can non be generalized. Social Status is no index of susceptibleness and no defence against it. For case, while many of the dead a Jonestown were hapless, the Solar Temple favors the passenger car trade. Its adherents have included the married woman and boy of the laminitis of Vuarnet sunglass company. The Branch Davidians at Waco came from many walks of life. And at Rancho Santa Fe they were idols of the entrepreneurial category, so good organized they died in shifts.10 The ground for cult rank is evidently non wholly due to societal category. Different people are drawn to different cults, merely as different cults prey on different persons. The research done at the Bethany Hills School is besides non wholly accurate because the population is so little that 24 studies can non accurately represent most cult members . Although Dr. Meltonââ¬â¢s research provides an interesting point of view, his claims are still being experimented and have neer been to the full substantiated. His claim that cult members are immature people arising against their parents is statistically inaccurate since 35 to 40-year-olds are one of the most common groups of cult members, and do up a big part of the 100s of work forces and adult females who join cults each twelvemonth. Cult enlisteers target those who view themselves as a pervert from the remainder of society, and give these persons a false sense of household. Cult literature lures possible cult members by converting them that society is an anomalous entity and that they are healthy and sound. The controlled household environment of cults entreaties to possible cult members because they have all of their determinations made for them, and do non put on the line failure. No 1 is beyond the possibility of fall ining a cult, appliers require merely a hopeless feel ing of societal insufficiency, a status apt to strike anyone at some point in life. Undoutably, many cults are malicious and violent, but they do direct a clear message that something is really incorrect when sane, healthy people would instead fire, toxicant, and shoot themselves to decease instead than populate another minute in society. Endnotes 1. Lacay, Richard. Macleans: The Lure of the Cult ( March 22 1997 ) 2. Graebrener, William. The American Record. Alfred A. Knoph, Inc. New York. 1982. 3. Applewhite, Marshall Herff. Heaven # 8217 ; s Gate, The Novel. Received off of their cyberspace site ( www.heavensgatetoo.com ) 4. Applewhite, Marshall Herff. Heaven # 8217 ; s Gate The Novel. Received off of their cyberspace site ( www.heavensgatetoo.com ) 5. Bright-Paul, Anthony. Stairway to Subud. Dharma Book Company, Inc. NewYork. 1965. 6. Swami, Bhaktivedanta A.C. Krsna Consciousness: The Topmost Yoga System. Iskcon Press. Boston. 1970. 7. Fennell, Tom. Time: Doom Sects [ False Prophets Attract the Vulnerable ] . ( April 7, 1997 ) 8. Lamaadar, Alia. Cults: Questionair. January 12, 1998. 9. Lamaadar, Alia. Cults: Questionair. January 12, 1998. 10. Muller, Bill. The Edmonton Journal: The Lure of Cults [ Why Ordinary Peoples Join Cults ] . ( April 1, 1997 ) Bibliography 1. Applewhite, Marshall Herff Heaven # 8217 ; s G ate, The Novel. Received off of their cyberspace site ( www.heavensgatetoo.com ) 2. Bright-Paul, Anthony. Stairway to Subud. Dharma Book Company, Inc. NewYork. 1965. 3. Bugliosi, Vincent. Helter Skelter. Bantam Books. New York. 1975. 4. Fennell, Tom. Time: Doom Sects [ False Prophets Attract the Vulnerable ] . ( April 7, 1997 ) 5. Graebner, William. The American Record. Alfred A. Knoph, Inc. New York. 1982. 6. Lacay, Richard. Macleans: The Lure of the Cult ( March 22 1997 ) 7. Lamaadar, Alia. Cults: Questionair. January 12, 1998. 8. Muller, Bill. The Edmonton Journal: The Lure of Cults [ Why Ordinary Peoples Join Cults ] . ( April 1, 1997 ) 9. Porter, Anne. Farewell to the Seventies. Thomas Nelson and Sons. Don Mills. 1979. 10. Smith, Michelle. Michelle Remembers. Pocket Books. New York. 1980. 11. Swami, Bhaktivedanta A.C. Krsna Consciousness: The Topmost Yoga System. Iskcon Press. Boston. 1970.
Monday, April 13, 2020
Admission College Essay Help
Admission College Essay Help Admission College Essay Help Admission essay writing is a difficult task for inexperienced writer, moreover from it depends on your future life. This fact shoves on the thought that the entrance essays writing must be perfect. Writing college admission essaysis not a work of one day. If you really decided to enter a definite college do your best to get the perfect essay. How can you do this, if you do not know all the peculiarities of the academic essays writing? You may find an academic essay guideline and study it, but perhaps it takes even more time than admission essays writing itself. Still knowing all peculiarities does not mean to write attractive essays.Nevertheless, even when this situation is not blind alley you can always order custom admission college essay help:http://.com/blog/admission-college-essay-help Admission College Essay Help: Our Priorities Our company offers only professional college admissions assistance. To be sure in our professionalism let us set aside eloquence and together examine the following custom admission essay sample. Swimming with Dolphins (an excerpt) My first love has always been a science. As I grew older, my growing interests focused on a narrower scientific range. I have always felt a certain connection between myself and the animal world. Having pets in the family and the constant viewing of National Geographic specials managed to keep my mind always occupied with different thoughts. Several years ago, I experienced the most amazing occurrence of my life, something that very few people can boast about. While visiting relatives in Aruba, I had the privilege to swim with wild spotted dolphins. It was at the moment, when I knew, what I was meant to do. I wanted to become a veterinarian and eventually specialize in the care of marine animals So, what do we have? The entire application essay is strong, but this section will be always standing out in the admission officer mind over the years. Why so? Because it is a good written, well constructed and moreover this fact separates essay applicant from the pack: he mentions the animal world, shows the intensity of where he is at, and then BLOWS everybody away with his swim with wild spotted dolphins. How many students could relate such a story? After reading such an essay, each admission officer will say to himself, Admit, admit, admit! Moreover, of course, the admission people will say the same thing. We Can Help You To Write Admission College Essay! We are able to find in your life the most interesting facts and cases, from which our highly skilled essays writers make masterpiece! Contact us and be sure of the immediate success! Read more: Writing a Research Proposal Research Paper Ideas Psychology Research Papers Argumentative Research Paper Topics Research Paper Proposal
Wednesday, March 11, 2020
Marketing Myopia Summary Essays
Marketing Myopia Summary Essays Marketing Myopia Summary Paper Marketing Myopia Summary Paper Marketing Myopia Summary Main Points: 1. An industry is a customer-satisfying process, not a goods-producing process. Businesses will be better positioned for growth if they concentrate on meeting customersââ¬â¢ needs rather than on the mass production and selling techniques of their products. 2. Companies stop growing because of a failure in management, not because the market is saturated (Levitt, 2008:1). Myopia is a term used and means to be shortsighted. In business, this would mean not having the foresight or long term plan to fully understand what business you are in as well as how to stay in it. One example that Levitt used, was the railroad industry. The railroads industry declined because they were railroad oriented instead of transportation oriented, they were product oriented instead of customer oriented. They declined not because of cars, trucks, airplanes, and even telephones, but because of their own myopia. To be a growth industry you must focus on satisfying a customer need. Focusing solely on product, profits and mass production will not help a company survive. Management must think of itself not as producing products but as providing customer-creating value satisfactions. A successful industry will include a strong focus on satisfying and meeting the needs of the customer followed by good production, research and development as well as a good selling strategy. In addition it is about how you define the business you are in. It needs to know the needs of the customer and what further innovations the company can bring to keep the consumer interest, as well as adapting to the changing business market.
Sunday, February 23, 2020
Quantile Hedging Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words
Quantile Hedging - Dissertation Example As the report dceclares investors, security analysts, investment bankers, portfolio managers, bond-rating agencies, and corporate financial analysts are concerned about the insecurity of the returns on their investments. To minimize the risks of losing in the financial market, hedginga is done by these market traders. Hedging is a method to protect one's investments. Financial derivative instruments made hedging of these risks possible. Hedgers can sell the risks to speculators, or buyers of risks, but only when these risks show some form of stability. According to the report findings when the price of the securities increases, the trader gains profit from the main securities bought, but exhibits loss on the securities that were sold short. On the other hand, when the industry declines, the trader will earn from the short sold securities and lose from the long ones. Thus, hedging also brings risk when the securities appreciate in value. But the possible loss is not as much as when hedging is not done. The classic practice evolved into more sophisticated means as new mathematical tools or models are introduced. All types of hedging techniques generally involve distribution between the actual market value and theoretical value, and aim to gain profits when these values converge. Common types of hedging are applied in insurance, credit risks, foreign exchange and equities. An option is a contract which gives the holder the right to buy or sell stocks or securities either at a given price or a specified period of time but without any o bligation. These assets are called derivatives because their value is derived from another investment's worth. Call options give the holder the right to buy the securities while put options give the holder the right to sell. Option pricing strategies can be traced back in history since about 1877 when a book entitled "The Theory of Options in Stocks and Shares" was written by Charles Castelli. He presented in his book the speculation and hedging aspects of options but there was no significant theoretical base. There were several more dissertations done since then that presented the analytical valuation of options and pricing models (Rubash, n.d., p.3). The modern option pricing models being used now were based on these dissertations done decades ago. These option pricing models common to traders and analysts now are the Bachelier model, Black-Scholes model, Merton model, and the Cox-Ross-Rubinstein model or the Binomial Option Price model. Detailed discussions of
Friday, February 7, 2020
How the external environment shapes the organization ( BOSTON PIZZA) Essay
How the external environment shapes the organization ( BOSTON PIZZA) - Essay Example Boston Pizza has a strong brand positioning and is the first chain of restaurants to offer fat-free menu items (Henry 234). The restaurants have huge televisions and spacious parking areas thus appealing to the middle income consumers. The external business environment shapes the operations of Boston Pizza and the strategic choices of the management. The external environment is beyond the control of the management and strategic choices must be made to adapt to the fast changing external environment in order for the restaurant chain to attain competitive edge in the market (Henry 172). The external business environment consists of the political environment, economic environment, social-cultural environment, technological environment, legal environment and ecological environment. PESTLE (political, economic, social-cultural, technological, legal and ecological) environment analysis tool will be useful in analysing and understanding how the external business environment shapes Boston Pizza. The political environment entails the political stability, the trade restrictions and attitudes of governments towards businesses, pressure groups, conflicts, and wars. The current political environment in Canada, United States and Mexico is stable, but there are different pressure groups such as anti-obesity campaigners that have been advocating for health eating habits (Henry 78). The Canadian government has implemented several measures that aim at protecting consumer interests and welfare in order to safeguard the health of the population. In this case, Boston Pizza must implement health-conscious menus in order to attract higher number of customers and adapt to the changing political environment (Kachru 84). The restaurant chain is capable of expanding to cities that have political stability and minimal pressure group influences. However, the government may
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